Objective To know the status of anxiety for the children in Harbin and discuss the related factors. Methods 732 children aged 3~6 were randomly selected from two kindergartens using the cluster sampling method in Harbin.Mothers were invited to complete the Preschool Anxiety Scale and related risk factors questionnaire. Results The research results showed that the proportion of preschool children who had anxiety in this surveyed sample was 14.1%.The gender difference was not significant in anxiety (χ²=0.764,P>0.05).The anxiety rate of 3~6 groups children was respectively 16.3%,13.8%,12.6% and 12.3%,there was no statistically significant in the anxiety rate among four age groups by the chi-square test (χ²=1.365,P>0.05).There was significant difference among anxiety dimensions scores,the highest was the physical injury fear,followed by separation anxiety (F=90.377,P<0.05).The Logistic regression analysis showed that the education background of the mother,the working pressure,the child's character and the view consistency about the problem of the education of the children were significantly associated with preschoolers' anxiety. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety is higher in the preschool children of Harbin.The children's character and family factors are associated with the children's anxiety.