【Objective】 To investigate the features of laboratory indexes and intelligence quotient (IQ) in children whose parents exposed to lead. 【Methods】 The students aged 7 to17 years old were divided into three groups (61 for each group):Group one (whose parents were exposed to lead),group two (whose parents were not exposed to lead).The two groups studied in a school nearby a battery factory.Control group was selected (whose age and gender were matched to the above group). 【Results】 Blood lead level (PbB),urine lead level (PbU),free erythrocyte porphyry (FEP) were higher and Hb,MCHC (Hb/PCV) were lower in group one and two compared with control group,which demonstrated that prolonged exposure to lead concentration may disturb the metabolic of porphyrin and hereby inhibit synthesis of haemoglobin.The frequency of low IQ was 14.75%,4.92%,4.92% in group one,group two and control group respectively.The average IQ in controls was 106.16,and 105.20 in control group and group two.However,in group one average IQ was 98.59 in children whose mother exposed to lead (n=16),and 101.91 in children whose father exposed to lead (n=45). 【Conclusions】 Long term lead exposure may result in children's hemoglobin decrease and influence mental development in children.It is necessary for government and society to take effective measures to protect children's physical and mental health from lead pollution.