【Objective】 To investigate the temperament type and influencing factors of preschoolers of Chiping. 【Methods】 By cluster sampling method, 1 000 children from 4 kindergartens in towns and countries of Chiping were selected to fill the "Questionnaire of Temperamental Testing for 3～7 Years Old Children" and the self-made questionnaire, and to investigate the temperament type and influencing factors of preschoolers of Chiping by this way . 【Results】 All the temperament dimensions of the preschoolers in the city were different from the norm, boys and girls had differences in activity level, response intensity, persistence and dividing attention, except for activity level and taxis, the preschoolers of various ages were different in the other seven temperament dimensions. The preschoolers in the city and the norm children had different temperament types, and so the preschoolers of various ages. But boys and girls had same temperament types. The temperament types were influenced by fathers' profession, the educational level of mothers, family structure, education method, the relationship between parents and children, the age to be permitted to kindergarden. 【Conclusions】 Each dimension and type of preschool children of Chiping has differences for different degrees on gender and age;the environment should be positively changed in order to mold good temperament type of children.