Case-control study of the association between sleep and precocious puberty in children

FAN Yiwei; CHEN Xue; ZHANG Peng; XIAO Xianhe; LIU Hongxiu; LI Ruizhen

doi:10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-1092

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Chinese Journal of Child Health Care ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5) : 497-502. DOI: 10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-1092

Original Articles

Case-control study of the association between sleep and precocious puberty in children

FAN Yiwei^1,2, CHEN Xue^1,2, ZHANG Peng^1,2, XIAO Xianhe³, LIU Hongxiu³, LI Ruizhen²

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Abstract

Objective To investigate the association between sleep and precocious puberty in children, in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and early intervention of precocious puberty. Methods This case-control study recruited children diagnosed with precocious puberty for the first time at Wuhan Children's Hospital between October 2022 and February 2024, along with healthy children from the health examination center as controls, matched 1∶1 with the precocious puberty group. A family health questionnaire was used to collect general demographic data and lifestyle habits, and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) was employed to assess the degree of sleep disturbances. A binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between sleep disturbances and precocious puberty. Results A total of 274 participants were included in the study, with a mean age of (8.75±1.12) years. There were no statistically significant differences between the precocious puberty group and the control group in terms of sleep environment (χ²= 2.279) or the habit of sleeping with a night light (χ²=0.769) (P>0.05). However, significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of mode of delivery (χ²=5.500), maternal age at menarche (χ²=4.202), parental history of precocious puberty (χ²=9.460), sex education exposure (χ²= 7.831), disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (Z=2.968), excessive daytime sleepiness (Z=2.384), and total SDSC score (Z=1.968) (P<0.05). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that more severe disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep were associated with a higher risk of precocious puberty(OR=2.30,95%CI: 1.06 - 5.00, P=0.036) and central precocious puberty (OR=3.20,95%CI: 1.23 - 8.35, P=0.017),and severity of excessive daytime sleepiness positively correlated with precocious puberty risk (OR=2.13, 95%CI: 1.09 - 4.14, P=0.026). Conclusions Both initiation and maintenance of sleep disorders and excessive daytime sleepiness are associated with an increased risk of precocious puberty in children, with higher scores correlating with greater risk.It warrants clinical attention and requires evidence-based interventions.

Key words

precocious puberty / sleep / Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children / central precocious puberty

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FAN Yiwei, CHEN Xue, ZHANG Peng, XIAO Xianhe, LIU Hongxiu, LI Ruizhen. Case-control study of the association between sleep and precocious puberty in children[J]. Chinese Journal of Child Health Care. 2025, 33(5): 497-502 https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2024-1092

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