Objective To identify the prevalence and the risk factors of different body proportions in children under 2 years of age, so as to provide theoretical basis for making related prevention and control measures. Methods Cross-sectional data of 8 474 children under 2 years old (0~<2 years) from May 2020 to May 2022 were retrieved through the Children′s Growth and Development Assessment and Follow-up System of the Department of Child Health Care, Shanghai Children′s Hospital for a retrospective study according to real-world research methods. Physical data were measured by medical professionals, and the children′s birth and parents′ conditions were collected retrospectively. A numerical table was constructed and the SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of different body proportions. χ2 test was used for comparison between groups and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis was used for regression. Results The study included 3 813 boys and 4 661 girls under 2 years of age in routine health check-ups, of whom the overall detection rates for emaciation, overweight and obesity were 1.5%, 19.0% and 7.8% respectively. The detection rates of overweight and obesity in boys were higher than those in girls(χ2=17.597, 12.653, P＜0.01). The risk of overweight and obesity was increased in children with birth weight > 4 000g, larger for gestational age and larger head circumference, and the risk of obesity was higher in children with birth weight <2 500g than that in the normal group(P＜0.01). Children with smaller head circumference and small for gestational age were more likely to emaciation(P＜0.05).Children with overweight or obese parents were at a higher risk of developing overweight and obesity than the normal population, and caesarean section was also a risk factor for obesity in childhood(RR=1.33, 95%CI:1.15-1.53, P＜0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that boys, head circumference, birth weight in relation to gestational age and parental BMI were valid early warning indicators of overweight and obesity in children (P＜0.01). Conclusion With a high detection rate of overweight and obesity in children under 2 years of age and the persistence of emaciation, early prevention and intervention are needed for the healthy development of children′s physical fitness.
Key words
children /
emaciation /
overweight /
obesity
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
References
[1] Smith JD, Fu E, Kobayashi MA. Prevention and management of childhood obesity and its psychological and health comorbidities[J]. Annu Rev Clin Psychol,2020,16:351-378.
[2] Shi L, Jiang Z, Zhang L. Childhood obesity and central precocious puberty[J]. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne),2022,13:1056871.
[3] 孙鑫,谭婧,唐立,等.重新认识真实世界研究[J].中国循证医学杂志,2017,17(2):126-130.
Sun X,Tan J,Tan L,et al.Revisiting real-world study[J].Chinese Journal of Evidence-based Medicine,2017,17(2):126-130.(in Chinese)
[4] WHO. The WHO child growth standards[EB/OL]. http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/en/.
[5] 武俊青,戎芬,李玉艳,等.高出生体重与儿童期超重肥胖及代谢异常的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(3):304-306.
Wu JQ, Rong F, Li YY, et al.Relationship between high birth weight and overweight, obesity, metabolic anomalies in childhood[J].Chin J Sch Health, 2012, 33(3):304-306.(in Chinese)
[6] Martín-Calvo N, Goni L, Tur JA, et al. Low birth weight and small for gestational age are associated with complications of childhood and adolescence obesity:Systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Obes Rev, 2022, 23(Suppl 1):e13380.
[7] Baran J, Weres A, Baran R, et al. Preterm birth and the type of birth and their impact on the incidence of overweight and obesity in children[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health,2022,19(19):12042.
[8] 吴丹,汪秀莲,霍言言,等.足月小于胎龄儿婴儿期增长速率与学龄期肥胖风险的纵向队列研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2019,27(11):1163-1166.
Wu D,Wang XL,Huo YY, et al. Longitudinal cohort study on the correlation between growth rate and obesity risk of small for gestational age infants[J].Chin J Child Health Care,2019,27(11):1163-1166.(in Chinese)
[9] Campisi SC, Carbone SE, Zlotkin S. Catch-up growth in full-term small for gestational age infants:A systematic review[J]. Adv Nutr,2019,10(1):104-111.
[10] Geserick M, Vogel M, Gausche R, et al. Acceleration of BMI in early childhood and risk of sustained obesity[J]. N Engl J Med,2018,379(14):1303-1312.
[11] 李旻明,周婷婷,张晶,等.上海市低出生体重儿头围与神经行为发育的关系研究[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2022,30(10):1058-1062.
Li MM, Zhou TT, Zhang J, et al. Correlation between head circumference and neurobehavioral development of low birth weight infants in Shanghai[J]. Chin J Child Health Care, 2022, 30(10):1058-1062.(in Chinese)
[12] 邵祥龙,秦存,鹿文英,等.剖宫产分娩与学龄儿童超重和肥胖的相关性[J].中国妇幼保健,2021,36(20):4792-4795.
Shao XL,Qin C,Lu WY, et al.Association between cesarean delivery and overweight and obesity in school-age children[J].Maternal and Child Health Care of China,2021,36(20):4792-4795.(in Chinese)
[13] Indiani CMDSP, Rizzardi KF, Castelo PM,et al. Childhood obesity and firmicutes/bacteroidetes ratio in the gut microbiota:A systematic review[J]. Child Obes,2018,14(8):501-509.
[14] 张娜,马冠生.《中国儿童肥胖报告》解读[J].营养学报,2017,39(6):530-534.
Zhang N,Ma GS.Interpretation of report on childhood obesity in China[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica,2017,39(6):530-534.(in Chinese)
[15] 王付曼,姚屹,杨琦.中国七个城市学龄前儿童消瘦、超重和肥胖状况的队列研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2019,23(5):522-526.
Wang FM,Yao Y,Yang Q.Cohort study on thin, overweight and obesity of preschool children among 7 cities in China[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev,2019,23(5):522-526.(in Chinese)
PDF(594 KB)
