Objective To master the distribution of thyroid volume and goiter of the children aged 8 to 10 years in Shaanxi province, in order to establish local reference range. Methods A total of 39 counties (cities, districts) were randomly selected from Shaanxi province in 2019.From each county, one primary school was randomly sampled from each selected town, which located in five different geographic directions: east, west, south, north and middle in each county.Finally, 42 non-boarding students aged 8-10 years were selected from each primary school, and their thyroids were examined by B-ultrasonography and random urine samples were tested. Results Totally 7 762 children aged 8 to 10 years were investigated.The median urinary iodine concentrations (MUIs) of children were 209.90 μg/L, and the iodine nutrition level of children was more than adequate condition.MUIs in each investigated area were above 100 μg/L, and the iodine nutritional status had been considered sufficient.The data of the thyroid volume (TVol) was abnormal distribution and the median of TVol was 2.68 ml.Children′s TVol was progressively increasing with age.But there was no significant difference on TVol between the male and the female children(Z＝0.62, P>0.05).The lowest median of TVol appeared in Hanzhong city (1.90 ml), while the highest was in Ankang city (4.30 ml).The upper limit of normal thyroid volume of children at the age of 8, 9 and 10 years old was 4.4, 4.8 ml and 5.7 ml, respectively. Conclusion There is difference between the results of this study and the Chinese national standard, which can provide reference for monitoring iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) in Shaanxi province and establishing local normative values of TVol for children aged 8 to 10 years.