Objective To analyze the controllable factors affecting the outcome of neurobehavioral development in term neonates during pregnancy,in order to provide scientific basis for early prevention and intervention. Methods From April 2016 to March 2018,601 pairs of mothers and infants were randomly selected from Anhui Maternal and Child Health Hospital to evaluate the neurobehavioral development of newborns by neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA).The social demographic characteristics,health status and lifestyle of pregnant women were obtained by questionnaires. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of neonatal neurobehavioral development. Results Among 601 full-term newborns,63 (10.5%) had abnormal NBNA scores.The risk of abnormal NBNA was significantly increased in pregnancy again within one year (OR=2.95,95%CI:1.30-6.68),early (OR=2.71,95%CI:2.46-5.02) or late (OR=2.70,95%CI:1.34-5.44)full-term infants,while the risk of abnormal NBNA was significantly reduced in pregnant women who took physical exercise at least once per week (OR=0.50,95%CI:0.28-0.88).The risk of neonatal NBNA abnormality was significantly lower in pregnant women with long gestation interval (OR=0.31,95%CI:0.11-0.86) and those with physical activity (OR=0.45,95%CI:0.20-0.98). Conclusion Pregnancy interval and physical activity during pregnancy are controllable factors affecting the behavioral neurological development of full-term newborns,which is of important public health significance in promoting fetal neurobehavioral development.