Objective To investigate the effect of alveolar surfactant combined with nasal plug continuous positive airway pressure ventilation in the treatment of pulmonary hyaline membrane disease in preterm infants. Methods Totally 50 cases treated in Huangshan People′s Hospital from November 2014 to November 2017 were enrolled in this study.The participants were divided into two groups, the control group (n=24) was given nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy, and the experimental group (n=26) was treated with pulmonary surfactant combined with nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation.Blood gas analysis index, incidence of complications and respiratory mechanics of the two groups were collected and compared. Results Percutaneous oxygen saturation(SpO₂), partial pressure of oxygen(PaO₂), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in experimental group were better than those in control group after treatment (P＜0.05).Also, the levels of breathing time constant (RCexp) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The complication rate of experimental group was 7.69%, which was significantly lower than that of control group (28%)(P＜0.05). Conclusion Pulmonary surfactant combined with nasal continuous positive airway pressure can effectively improve the blood gas analysis index, increase RCexp and PEF in preterm infants with pulmonary hyaline disease, thereby reducing complications and improving prognosis.