Objective To study risk factors and clinical features associated with children accidental poisoning,in order to provide scientific evidence of further prevention. Method Totally 353 cases admitted as accidental poisoning were studied retrospectively from November 2011 to November 2016. Results Drug misusage mainly occurred in 1 to 4-year-old children (275,77.9%),the medium age was 2.4 years old,and male to female ratio was 1.5∶1,with higher proportion in rural than in urban areas.There was no statistical significant difference in the onset age in different groups by gender and area.Most accidental poisoning were oral drugs (157)with a significant higher rate than in urban area(χ²=8.51,P＜0.05).The percentages of misusage of pesticide and psychoneural drugs intoxication in rural area were significantly higher than those in urban area(χ²=18.8,8.43,both P＜0.05).However,misusage of antihypertensive drugs was more prevalent in urban than in rural area(χ²=4.3,P＜0.05).In 80.7% family of the cases,grandparents involved in caring children and the rural grandparents involved more frequently. Conclusions There is an obvious difference on children drug misusage morbidity in different age groups.Drug misusage should be prevented according to children's physiological and psychological features at different age stages.Children left-behind and cared by grandparents' in urban area may be the high risk factors.And more attention should be paid to the drug supervision especially in the families with psychiatric patients and chronic disease patients.