Objective To understand the status and influencing factors for psychological behavioral problems preschool children in Liuan, in order to provide evidence for early recognition and intervention. Methods Children aged 3~6 from six kindergartens were selected randomly by using multi-stage cluster random sampling form August to September 2016. Parents were face-to-face interviewed by using self-designed questionnaire and Conner Parents Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ).And the data were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 1 264 preschoolers were screened in this study, of which 272(21.5%) cases of children with various psychological abnormalities were detected. Single factor analysis showed that the detection rates of children's psychological behavioral problems were statistically significant between different genders (χ² =50.198,P＜0.001), different ages (χ² =6.552,P=0.038) and different areas (χ²=7.281,P=0.007). Multifactor Logistic regression analysis indicated that boys (OR=2.959,95%CI: 2.177～4.023), and rural area (OR=1.427,95%CI: 1.079～1.889) were independent risk factors of children's behavioral problems.Conclusion The detection rate of preschool children's psychological behavioral problems in Liuan's rather high, also boys and rural children had a higher morbidity rate and should be the main target of interventions, including early identification, early intervention, combination of medication and education, so that their developmental behavioral problems or disorders can be prevented or improved.