Objective To explore the similarities and differences of growth and development from 0 to 36 months between the offspring of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal mothers,in order to provide scientific reference for clinical intervention. Methods Children born between January 1st,2014 and December 31st,2014 in Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Beijing were selected. Children born to GDM mothers were selected as GDM group,and those born to normal women were selected as control group. Physical measurements were performed at the age of 3,6,12,18,24,30 and 36 months old,and the growth and development trends and speeds of the GDM group and control group were compared. Results The weight gained from 0 to 3 months old of children in GDM group was (2.81±0.83)kg,which was slower than (3.01±0.79)kg in the control group. And the body length of GDM group increased by (5.14±1.60) cm from 9 to 12 months old,which was faster than (4.70±1.69) cm in the control group. However,the body length of GDM group increased by (5.80±1.82) cm from 12 to 18 months old,which was significantly slower than (6.23±1.64) cm in the control group. The body mass index (BMI) of boys in GDM group at the age of 12 months old was (17.06±0.86)kg/m²,which was significantly lower than that in control group[(17.50±1.16)kg/m²]. Also,the BMI of girls in GDM group was significantly higher than that in control group[(17.73±1.61)kg/m² vs. (17.27±1.17)kg/m²]. Conclusions Children born to GDM mothers have growth retardation at the age of 0 to 3 months old,and then rapidly catch up with normal children. Moreover,there are differences on weight changes in different gender groups