Objective To investigate the situation of growth and development of premature infants aged 0 to 6 years old,to analyse the changing regularity,and to provide a basis for evaluatation growth and development of children at this stage and taking corresponding intervention measures. Methods Premature infants admitted to neonatal ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University and Baoji City Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2008 to December 2014.At the same time,full-term infants matched with premature infants through age,sex were selected as 1∶1 case-control study.Records of the birth situation of all infants,the data of children′s length,weight,head circumference and so on were measured,which was used to evaluate their growth and development. Results Length of boys and girls among preterm group in 0~ month and 3~ months group,boys in 2~ years old group,girls in 1~ year old group were significantly less than those of the control group (P<0.05).Weight of boys and girls among preterm group in 0~ month and 3~ months group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).Head circumference of boys and girls among preterm group in 0~ month group,3~ months and 1~ year old group were significantly less than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The physical development of premature infants shows catch-up type.Speed of catch-up development of premature infants decreased with age,speed of boys is slower than that of girls.This study implies effects on physical development characteristics of premature infants and catch-up type growth regularity aged 0 to 6 years old in the region,which can provide reference frame for study and assessment growth and development of premature infants in the region in the future.