目的 调查本地区儿童铅暴露现状及影响因素, 为制定干预对策提供依据。方法 采用钨舟原子吸收光谱法对青岛市城区1 285名7岁以下儿童检测末梢血铅值, 并对家庭环境、饮食生活习惯等相关因素进行问卷调查。结果 1 285名城区0~7岁儿童血铅值为48.79 μg/L, 高铅血症检出率为1.03%, 3~7岁学龄前儿童血铅水平高于0~3岁散居儿童, 差异有高度统计学意义(P＜0.01)。母亲从事高危职业, 住所邻近交通主干道及儿童厌食是发生高铅血症的危险因素。结论 青岛市城区0~7岁儿童血铅水平较前有所下降。母亲职业接触、家庭居住环境以及儿童饮食不良与高铅血症发生相关。需加强相关健康教育, 定期监测儿童血铅水平, 合理干预, 减少铅对儿童健康的危害。

Objective To explore blood lead level and related risk factors of children in Qingdao and provide measure for intervention. Method 1 285 children aged 0~7 years were selected to detect lead level in peripheral blood with tungsten boat atomic absorption spectrometry, and related factors such as family environment and lifestyle habitats were investigated by questionnaire survey. Results The mean lead level of children was 48.79 μg/L with 1.03% of those ≥100 μg/L.The blood lead level in preschool children was higher than scattered children aged 0~3 years and there was significant difference between them(P＜0.01).The investigation indicated that mother's job related to lead, family living in environment near to arterial road and children anorexia were risk factors for higher blood lead level. Conclusions Blood lead level among children aged 0~7 years in Qingdao district is lower than before.Mothers' job, living environment and children's diets are related to higher blood lead level.Health education, regular tests and timely intervention are needed to decrease damage of lead to children.