目的 了解职业母亲母乳喂养情况以及可能影响母乳喂养持续时间的因素。方法 对368名6~24个月婴儿的职业母亲问卷调查。结果 6个月时母乳喂养率为72.8%, 纯母乳喂养率为25.8%。母乳喂养持续时间平均(8.45±0.33)月, 纯母乳喂养持续时间平均(3.89±0.11)月。断奶主要原因是乳汁少或无乳汁和上班/工作紧张。采用Cox回归多因素分析母乳喂养持续时间的影响因素。结果显示, 配偶为硕士及以上文化程度, 调查对象户籍为非本市, 知晓“母乳稍微不足时, 增加乳汁最好的办法是增加吸吮次数”、“母乳喂养最好持续到2岁”, 本人决定母乳喂养, 对母乳喂养很有信心, 产假时间≥6个月, 工作不紧张或一般, 单位有地方挤奶, 母乳喂养持续时间更长。结论 职业母亲的婴幼儿母乳喂养情况不容乐观, 应采取调整产假和哺乳假时间, 工作场所设立哺乳场所, 以及缓解职业母亲工作压力提供人性关怀等措施, 促进职业母亲对婴幼儿的母乳喂养持续时间, 从而从源头上促进婴幼儿身心健康发展。

Objective To realize working mother's breastfeeding practice, and analyse the related factors. Method 368 working mothers who had a child aged 6~24 months were investigated. Results The breastfeeding rate in 6 months was 72.8%, and the pure breastfeeding rate was 25.8%.The breastfeeding duration lasted (8.45±0.33) months, and the pure breastfeeding duration lasted (3.89±0.11) months.The main reasons for weaning were little milk and work stress.Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the breastfeeding duration influencing factors.Results showed longer breastfeeding duration mothers had characters as below:whose spouses having higher education, recurrent population, knowing "increasing suck times may increasing milk", knowing "breastfeeding should last 2 years", deciding to breastfeeding, having confidence on breastfeeding, maternity leave more than 6 months, having no or little work stress, and having the milking place in the working place. Conclusions The situation of working mother's breastfeeding practice is severe.Adjusting maternity leave and lactation leave, setting the nursey room in the working place, and helping for reduce work stress may prolong working mothers' breastfeeding duration.