目的 分析中国1~14岁儿童伤害主要死因及死亡率变化趋势，为制定更有针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法 利用公开发表的2003-2012年中国卫生统计年鉴居民病伤死亡原因报表资料进行分析。结果 2002-2011年全国1~14岁儿童总标化伤害死亡率在13.97/10⁵~23.24/10⁵之间，呈逐年下降趋势;溺水身亡和车祸是儿童主要伤害死亡原因，占儿童历年伤害死亡的70%以上;农村儿童总伤害死亡率约为城市儿童的1.7倍，并且车祸死亡率在农村呈上升趋势;1～4岁儿童总伤害标化死亡率和溺水身亡率明显高于5～9岁以及10～14岁儿童;男性儿童总伤害标化死亡率是女性儿童的1.8倍，溺水身亡率是女性儿童的2.0倍。结论 中国1～14岁儿童伤害死亡率逐年下降，溺水身亡和车祸是主要死亡原因，农村儿童车祸死亡率有上升趋势;农村儿童伤害死亡率高于城市，男性儿童高于女性儿童，1～4岁儿童高于5～9岁和10～14岁。

Objective To analyze the major causes of deaths and trends of mortality from injury among children aged 1~14 years old in China,and to provide scientific evidence for developing more targeted interventions. Method The data about death causes among inhabitants published in Chinese Health Statistics Yearbook from 2003 to 2012 were used to analyze. Results The total standardized injury mortality among children aged 1~14 from 2002 to 2011 in China was between 13.97/10⁵ to 23.24/10⁵ and descended year by year.Drowning and traffic accident had always been the major causes of deaths,and accounted for more than 70% of injury deaths over the years.The total standardized injury mortality of the children in rural areas was 1.7 times the urban areas children,and the rate of traffic accident was on the rise in rural areas; The total standardized injury mortality and drowning among children aged 1~4 years old were significantly higher than those among children aged 5～9 years old and 10～14 years old; Boys total standardized injury mortality was 1.8 times higher than the girls,and drowning rate was 2.0 times higher than the girls. Conclusions The injury mortality of children aged 1~14 years old in China descends year by year,drowning and traffic accident are the major causes of deaths; Traffic accident shows rise trend in rural areas;The children injury mortality is higher in rural areas than that in urban areas,and it is higher in boys than that in girls,also it is higher among children aged 1~4 years old than those among children aged 5～9 years old and 10～14 years old.