目的 了解上海某城区婴幼儿呼吸系统症状与疾病的发生情况，为促进婴幼儿呼吸系统健康的策略制订提供理论依据。方法 以分层整群抽样的方法，选取6家社区卫生服务中心儿保门诊半年内前来检查的1 266名0~3岁婴幼儿，应用《婴幼儿呼吸系统健康状况与家庭环境调查问卷》(参考国际标准化问卷(ATS-DLD-78-C)修订)对其呼吸系统症状与疾病的发生情况进行调查。结果 持续咳嗽、持续咳痰、喘息、哮喘、支气管炎的报告率分别为2.2%、1.3%、19.1%、8.2%、17.6%。喘息的报告率为男童高于女童(P<0.01);持续咳嗽、哮喘、支气管炎的报告率为高年龄组高于低年龄组(P<0.01);哮喘、支气管炎的报告率为居住在内环以内高于居住在内环以外(P<0.01)。结论 婴幼儿呼吸系统症状与疾病的报告率存在一定的性别、年龄和居住区域差异。

Objective To understand the respiratory health status among children under 3 years old in a city area of Shanghai and to provide the theoretical basis to promote children's respiratory health. Methods A total of 6 community health service centers were selected by stratified cluster sampling method.All the children under 3 years old came to child health outpatients in half a year were involved in this survey.Respiratory symptoms,the prevalence of diseases among 1 266 children were investigated by using revised international standardized questionnaire ATS-DLD-78-C. Results The report rate of persistent cough,persistent phlegm,wheeze,asthma and bronchitis was 2.2%,1.3%,19.1%,8.2%,17.6%,respectively.The report rate of wheeze of the male was higher than that of the female (P<0.01).The highest report rate of persistent cough,persistent phlegm,asthma and bronchitis was in the group of 3~years old (P<0.01).The report rate of asthma and bronchitis of the children lived in the internal residential area was higher than that of the ones in the external area(P<0.01). Conclusions The report rates of respiratory symptoms and diseases are different in gender,age and residential area.