目的 了解河南省2008-2012年学校及托幼机构水痘突发公共卫生事件疫情的流行病学特征及规律, 为探索控制学校及托幼机构水痘突发公共卫生事件的措施提供科学依据。方法 对河南省2008年1月1日-2012年12月31日通过“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”报告的学校及托幼机构水痘突发公共卫生事件进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 河南省2008-2012年共报告学校及托幼机构水痘突发公共卫生事件45起, 病例874例, 平均罹患率为4.33%。学校及托幼机构水痘突发公共卫生事件发生高峰出现在4-6月(24起, 53.33%;发病441例, 50.46%)和10月至次年1月(13起, 28.89%;发病271例, 31.01%)。学校类型分布中, 乡小学发生数最多(25起, 55.56%;发病491例, 56.18%), 不同学校类型水痘罹患率不同, 差异有统计学意义(χ²=349.724, P=0.000)。结论 学校及托幼机构尤其小学是水痘突发公共卫生事件主要场所, 应加强春末夏初和秋冬季节小学生及托幼儿童水痘疫情的预防与控制, 采取有效措施做好水痘防病知识宣传, 加强水痘疫苗接种工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella public health emergencies happened in schools and childcare facilities of Henan province from 2008 to 2012. Method Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the data of varicella public health emergencies happened in schools and childcare facilities from Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention during 2008 and 2012. Results A total of 45 varicella public health emergencies and 874 cases were reported in schools and childcare facilities in Henan province from 2008 to 2012, the average attack rate was 4.33%.A large number of varicella patients were sick between April to June (441 cases, 50.46%) and October to January (271 cases, 31.01%).The incidence of varicella public health emergencies (491 case, 55.56%) in rural primary school was the highest in different types of schools (χ²=349.724, P=0.000). Conclusions Schools and childcare facilities, especially rural primary schools, are the places where varicella public health emergency usually happen.The end of spring and autumn to early winter are the critical moments to prevent and control the epidemic of varicella among primary school students and childcare facilities.