目的 分析影响宜昌市儿童哮喘发病的危险因素, 为预防儿童哮喘的发生和急性发作提供指导。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法, 在宜昌市抽取10 456名儿童进行初筛问卷调查, 筛选出疑似哮喘儿童, 对其再次发放哮喘儿童调查问卷进一步调查确诊, 同时选取与哮喘儿童数量相近, 性别、年龄相匹配的非哮喘儿童进行病例对照研究。结果 个人药物过敏史、过敏性鼻炎、湿疹史以及一级亲属哮喘或过敏史;家居环境中墙面涂有油漆、用煤炭取暖、做饭、霉斑现象、装修史、家属吸烟以及用毛毯做被褥;3个月以内添加辅食、1岁以内使用抗生素均是影响宜昌市儿童哮喘发病的危险因素。结论 对于有个人或家属过敏性疾病史的儿童, 家长应尽量避免家庭环境中过敏原的暴露, 积极避免危险因素可防止哮喘的发生或减少其急性发作的次数。

Objective To find out the risk factors of childhood asthma in Yichang city and provide guidance for prevention of the occurrence and exacerbations of childhood asthma. Methods A total of 10 456 cases of children were randomly selected to grant screen questionnaires using cluster sampling method, then screening out the suspected asthmatic ones, granting to them with asthma questionnaire for further investigation, at the same time, the similar number of gender, age-matched non-asthmatic children were selected for the case-control study. Results Personal history of drug allergy, allergic rhinitis, eczema and a family history of asthma or allergies;house walls coating with paint, the use of coal for heating and cooking, the mildew phenomenon, house decoration history, smoking, and using blankets made bedding; adding complementary before 3 months, using antibiotic within 1 year were risk factors of childhood asthma in Yichang city. Conclusion For children who have personal or family history of allergic diseases, parents should try to avoid the allergen exposure in house environment, and actively avoid risk factors can prevent the occurrence of asthma or reduce the incidence of asthma exacerbations times.