目的 针对242名儿童口腔健康存在的问题,探讨口腔卫生习惯与儿童龋齿的关系。方法 通过对西安某高校幼儿园242名儿童做口腔健康全面检查,对4~6岁的儿童的换牙、龋齿、严重龋齿(>4颗)、缺牙、牙结石、延迟换牙和补牙情况进行检查分析。并对242名儿童及家长进行访谈,填写问卷,并将结果进行统计分析。结果 242人中龋齿71人,重度龋齿18人,补牙人数为28人,牙结石人数26人。儿童的口腔卫生习惯与龋齿的发病原因直接相关,导致龋齿发生的原因依次为:1)细菌因素:主要是菌斑,细菌的存在是龋病发生的必然条件;如无刷牙习惯;2)食物因素:过多食用零食,喜好甜食,而全身的营养支持不够;3)宿主因素:影响可能是牙齿排列或形态不整齐、不规则。 结论 242名儿童中龋齿严重,今后应提高儿童乳牙保护意识,养成良好的口腔卫生习惯,可有效防止龋齿的发生和发展。

Objective To discuss the relationship between oral hygienic habits and dental caries in children for oral health existing problems. Methods A comprehensive oral health inspection for the 242 children in a Xi'an University kindergarten,checked and analyzed the status of teeth replacement,caries,severe caries,calculus,delay teeth replacement,and dental filling for children from 4 to 6 years old.242 children and their parents were interviewed to fill out the questionnaire the results and make were recorded statistical analysis was made finally. Results There were 71 carious,18 severe caries,28 fillings,26 calculus in 242 peoples.The reasons resulting in dental caries were as follows:1)Bacterial factors:the mainly reason was plaque,bacteria was the necessary condition for dental caries;such as no brushing habits;2)Food factors:excessive consumption of snacks,sweet food,while systemic nutritional support was not enough;3)Host factors might be the arrangement of teeth or irregular patterns and rules;children's oral health habits were directly related to the reasons for the incidence of dental caries. Conclusions Severe caries,bad oral health,bad brushing effect,poor self protection awarenesss of dental health are observed in 242 children,health education should be carried out to improve the awareness of baby teeth protection,and developing good oral hygienic habits can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of dental caries,which is good for the health development of children.