目的 比较中国西部两县早产/低出生体重儿与正常足月儿的营养不良发生情况,分析营养不良影响因素。方法 从中国西部陕西省和重庆市符合研究条件的农业县中随机抽取到两个样本县,于2010年9-11月对两县6~36月龄472例早产/低出生体重儿和461例正常足月儿的喂养和生长发育情况进行调查。用SPSS 19.0统计软件对相关数据进行常规统计分析,此外应用MlwiN 2.25软件进行多水平Logistic模型分析。结果 本研究中早产/低出生体重儿组(简称早产组)与正常足月儿组(简称足月组)营养不良患病率分别为22.0%和10.0%(P<0.01),其中生长迟缓患病率两组分别为18.4%和8.9%(P<0.01),低体重患病率两组分别为4.9%和3.0%(P>0.05),消瘦患病率两组分别为2.8%和1.1%(P>0.05)。多水平Logistic回归结果显示,小儿出生类别为早产/低出生体重儿、小儿年龄大、喂养指数不合格、偏食和贫血是小儿营养不良发生的危险因素,OR值分别为1.612、1.027、3.089、2.077及2.001。 结论 中国西部早产/低出生体重儿营养不良患病率高于正常足月儿,主要表现在身长增长不良;抚养人的不正确喂养实践是营养不良的主要影响因素。

Objective To compare of status of malnutrition between premature/low birth weight infants(PLBW) and normal term infants(NT),in order to analyze factors causing infants malnutrition. Methods Two sample counties were random selected from the ones that satisfied the research conditions in Shaanxi province and Chongqing of western China.472 PLBW and 461 NT aged 6 to 36 months from the two counties were investigated from September 2010 to November 2010.The SPSS 19.0 and MlwiN 2.25 software were applied to analyze data using general statistical analysis and multilevel regression model. Results The prevalence of malnutrition in PLBW and NT were 22.0% and 10.0%(P<0.01) respectively,among this,stunting were 18.4% and 8.9%(P<0.01) respectively,underweight were 4.9% and 3.0%(P>0.05) respectively,wasting were 2.8% and 1.1% (P>0.05) respectively.The results of multilevel regression suggested that PLBW(OR=1.612),older age(OR=1.207),disqualification of feeding index(OR=3.089),partial eclipse(OR=2.077) and anemia(OR=2.001) were risk factors to lead malnutrition of infants. Conclusion The prevalence of malnutrition of PLBW is higher than that of NT,especially on stunting in western rural China and impropriate feeding practices of supporters are main influencing factors to lead malnutrition.