目的 了解目前上海市女童青春期各种性发育指标的年龄特征,分析其变化趋势,以进一步完善我国女性儿童青少年性发育评估体系。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法选取上海市中小学女生共1 675名,对乳房和第二性征发育水平进行Tanner分期评估,并记录月经初潮情况,概率单位回归法计算各种性发育指标的百分位年龄。结果 乳房达到TannerⅡ~Ⅴ期的中位年龄分别为8.26、10.62、12.88岁和16.64岁,阴毛达到TannerⅡ~Ⅴ期的中位年龄分别为11.48、12.71、15.23岁和19.07岁,腋毛开始发育和月经初潮的中位年龄分别为11.71岁和12.09岁。 结论 相对于同时期的其他国家,上海市女童的乳房发育较早,阴毛发育相对较晚,整个青春期性发育进程较为缓慢;长期趋势上,月经初潮年龄的再提前现象有待进一步观察。
Abstract
Objective To determine the current timing of girls' sexual maturity in Shanghai. Methods A school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1 675 girls aged 4~19 years old in Shanghai.Puberty was staged according to the Tanner.Mean age at entry into each pubertal stage was calculated by probit analysis. Results Median age at entry into Breast stage Ⅱ~Ⅴ was 8.26 yrs,10.62 yrs,12.88 yrs and 16.64 yrs,respectively.Median age at entry into Pubic hair stage Ⅱ~Ⅴ was 11.48 yrs,12.71 yrs,15.23 yrs and 19.07 yrs,respectively.Media age of onset of armpit hair development was 11.71 yrs.And median age of menarche was 12.09 yrs. Conclusions In comparison to those living in others countries,onset of breast development of girls in Shanghai is relatively earlier,with onset of pubic hair being later and progression of sexual development being slower.Further dynamic observational study of secular change of menarche age is needed.
关键词
女性 /
儿童 /
青春期 /
性发育
Key words
female /
child /
puberty /
sexual development
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基金
国家自然科学基金资助(81172684);上海市公共卫生重点学科建设计划(12GWZX0301)
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