目的 探讨学龄期肥胖儿童的气质特点及其相关因素对肥胖儿童气质的影响,为肥胖儿童的身心健康教育和家庭教育提供参考依据。方法 采用“中国8~12岁学龄儿童气质问卷”对单纯性肥胖组和正常体重组儿童各119名进行问卷调查。用自制的"儿童一般资料问卷"进行相关因素调查。结果 在气质类型分布上,肥胖组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。在气质维度上,肥胖组男童注意分散的得分明显低于正常组(P<0.05),肥胖组女童趋避性、适应性、持久性上得分高于正常组(P<0.05或<0.01);活动水平、反应阈的得分低于正常组(P<0.05)。影响学龄期肥胖儿童气质维度的相关因素有学前带养史、家庭结构、母亲文化程度、父母婚姻关系、父母教养方式、父母管教态度。结论 对特殊气质的肥胖儿童应根据气质特点有针对性的进行个性化教育,促使肥胖儿童身心健康发展。

Objective To explore temperament characteristics and its related factors of the obese children,to provide a reference for the obese children's physical and mental health education and family education. Methods A total of 119 simple obese children and 119 normal children were investigated by Temperament Questionnaires used respectively for school-age children aged 8~12 years old.The related factors of the two groups were investigated by self-made questionnaires. Results In terms of temperament type distribution,experiment group and control group difference was statistically significant (P<0.01);Results of temperament scores compared,the distractibility of boys in the experiment group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05),girls in experiment group and control group compare that the experiment group were higher in the aversion,adaptability and persistence(P<0.05 or <0.01);while levels of activity,response threshold were lower than the control group(P<0.05).Several factors that affect the temperament dimensions of school age obese children were pre-school raising history,family structure,maternal education degree,parents' marital relationship,way of parental education,parenting attitude. Conclusion It should be according to the temperament characteristics of the special qualities of the obese children targeted personalized education,which can promote their healthy development of psychological activity.