目的 了解学龄前儿童气质类型与哮喘发生之间的关系。方法 采用队列研究的方法,选取2010年1月1日-2010年12月31日在本院入园体检、随访满1年的8 824例3~6岁儿童为研究对象,采用自制的学龄前儿童气质调查表进行基线调查和气质类型评估,如随访过程中诊断为哮喘则纳入专案管理。结果 8 824例儿童中,男童4 738例,女童4 086例,男女比例为1.16∶1,3~4岁儿童居多(94.38%)。E型气质(35.19%)和I-E型气质(28.32%)占多数,D型气质最少(7.74%)。D型和I-D型气质的儿童哮喘发病率较高(7.17%,5.53%),S型气质的儿童哮喘发病率最低(1.12%)。遗传因素对学龄前儿童发病起重要作用,D型和S型气质与哮喘的发病存在较强的因果相关性(RR=1.53和0.26)。结论 充分发挥气质的积极情绪反应,尽量避免消极情绪反应和冲动行为,才能最大限度地避免哮喘的发病。

Objective To find the relationship between preschoolers' temperament and asthma occurrence. Methods The cohort study was conducted for the 8 824 children from 3~5 years old who took part in the kindergarten entrance exam and followed up to 1 year.China Preschool-children Temperament Scale (CPTS) was used to evaluate baseline investigation and temperament type.Special cases management was used if diagnosed as asthma during the follow-up. Results A total of 8 824 children were selected,of which 4 738 were male,4 086 were female and their ratio was 1.16∶1,3~4 years old children accounted 94.38%; easy-educated type temperament children accounted 35.19%,and intermedial easy-educated type accounted 28.32%,difficulty-educated type temperament accounted 7.74%.The asthma incidence rate of difficulty-educated type temperament and intermedial difficulty-educated type temperament children were 7.17% and 5.53%,whereas slow-moving priming type temperament children were 1.12%.There was strong correlation between genetic factor and asthma.Difficulty-educated type temperament and slow-moving priming type temperament were strongly correlated to asthma occurrence(RR=1.53 and 0.26). Conclusion To avoid asthma occurrence,it is necessary to bring into full play the positive effect of temperament and limit the negativity effect of temperament and impulsive behavior.