目的 探讨母-婴依恋关系对幼儿认知和行为发展的影响作用。方法 对160例12~18个月婴儿采用“陌生情境法”进行母-婴依恋类型的测评,并在幼儿期进行随访:采用贝莉婴幼儿发育量表-第二版测评幼儿的认知发育水平;采用Achenbach儿童行为问卷(2~3岁)调查幼儿的行为问题。结果 完成随访的幼儿共计118例,其中:安全型依恋的婴儿在幼儿期的MDI(智力发育指数)水平为102.9±12.6;不安全型为97.5±14.8,差异有统计学意义(t=3.322,P<0.05)。不安全依恋类型中,回避型的MDI水平为99.7±16.5,与安全型比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);反抗型的MDI水平为95.1±13.9,明显低于安全型,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但回避型和反抗型之间的MDI水平,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,安全型依恋婴儿在幼儿期的行为问题检出率为9.0%,不安全型为22.5%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.127,P<0.05)。结论 安全的母婴依恋关系为儿童的认知和行为发展提供了一种更好的可能性;不安全的母婴依恋关系可能导致幼儿期的认知损害和更多的行为问题。
Abstract
Objective To explore the influence of infant-mother attachment on the development of cognition and behavior in toddler age. Methods The subjects included 118 toddlers,whose infant-mother attachment were already assessed with Ainsworth's Strange Situation Strategy.The 118 toddlers were assessed for their cognition development with Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II,as well as their behavior problems with Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist. Results In toddler age,the mean mental development index (MDI) was 102.9±12.6 for the securely attached infants,while it was 97.5±14.8 for the insecurely attached infants.This difference was statistically significant (t=3.322,P<0.05); 9.0% of the securely attached infants was detected to have behavior problems,while 22.5% of the insecurely attached infants was detected to have behavior problems.This difference was also statistically significant(χ2=4.127,P<0.05). Conclusion Secure infant-mother attachment is related to better cognitive development and less behavior problems in toddler age.
关键词
母-婴依恋 /
安全型 /
不安全型 /
幼儿期 /
认知发展 /
行为问题
Key words
infant-mother attachment /
securely attached /
insecurely attached /
toddler age /
cognitive development /
behavior problems
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Bowlby J.A Secure Base[M].New York:Basic Books,1982:32-89.
[2] Ainsworth MDS,Blehar MC,Waters E,et al.Patterns of attachment:A psychological study of the strange situation[M].Hillsdale NJ.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,1978.
[3] Nancy Bayley.Bayley Scales of Infant Development,Manual[M].Second Edition.Psychological Corporation,1993.
[4] 刘灵,吴立云,姚凯南.2~3岁幼儿行为量表全国城市常模的制定[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2003,11(6):377-379.
[5] 丁艳华,徐秀,王争艳,等.影响母婴依恋关系的家庭因素研究 [J].中国儿童保健杂志,2011,19(9):806-808.
[6] 丁艳华,徐秀,李慧蓉,等.上海62例婴儿依恋类型及相关心理发育的研究 [J].中国儿童保健杂志,2008,46(2):163-165.
[7] Van Londen WM,Juffer F,HM,et al.Attachment,cognitive,and motor development in adopted children:short-term outcomes after international adoption[J].Pediatric Psychology,2007,32(10):1249-1258.
[8] Landers MS,Sullivan RM.The development and neurobiology of infant attachment and fear [J].Developomental Neuroscience,2012,34(2-3):101-114.
[9] 胡平,孟昭兰.城市婴儿依恋类型分析及判别函数的建立[J].心理学报,2003,35(2):201-208.
[10] Levis M,Feiring C.Infant,mother,and infant-mother interaction behavior and subsequent attachment[J].Child Development,1989,60:831-837.
[11] Pasco Fearon R,Marian J.Bakermans-Kranenburg,Marinus H.van IJzendoorn.The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior:A meta-analytic study[J].Child Development,2010,81(2):435-456.
[12] Edwards EP,Eiden RD,Leonard KE.Behavior problems in 18-to 36- month-old children of alcoholic fathers:Secure mother-infant attachment as a protective factor[J].Development and Psychopathology,2006,18:395-407.
[13] Pasco Fearon RM,Belsky J.Infant- mother attachment and the growth of externalizing problems across the primary-school years[J].Child Psychology and Psychiatry,2011,52(7):782-791.
[14] Kochanska G,Kim S.Early attachment organization with both parents and future behavior problems:From infancy to middle childhood[J].Child Development,2013,84(1):283-296.
基金
国家自然科学青年基金项目(81102137)
PDF(466 KB)
