目的 了解中学生故意自伤行为的发生情况,分析不同形式的亲子依恋对自伤行为发生的影响。方法 分层整群选取我国4省市14 221名在校城乡中学生为研究对象,比较不同性别及不同亲子依恋程度间自我伤害行为检出率的差异;以Spearman相关分析亲子依恋各维度的相关性;并建立多因素Logistic回归模型,分析亲子依恋对中学生自我伤害行为发生的影响。结果 中学生故意自伤行为的检出率为24.9%,偶发自伤检出率为8.5%,反复自伤检出率为16.4%。男生自伤行为和反复自伤行为的检出率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父/母子依恋是中学生自伤行为发生的重要影响因素,受性别、年级、户口所在地、父母文化程度、是否独生子女、自评家庭经济条件、亲密的朋友数量个数等指标的影响较小。高母子信任水平和高父/母子沟通水平是中学生自伤行为发生的保护因素,而高父/母子疏离程度会增加自伤行为发生的风险。结论 亲子依恋是中学生自伤行为发生的重要影响因素,积极改善亲子关系,对中学生自伤行为的防控具有十分重要的意义。
Abstract
Objective To describe the prevalence of deliberate self-harm (DSH) behaviors,and determine the relationship between parent-child attachment and DSH behaviors in middle school students. Methods A total of 14 221 middle school students were selected using cluster sampling method in Shenyang,Xinxiang,Chongqing and Guangzhou city.Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) and DSH items were used to assess sleep quality and psychosomatic symptoms,respectively.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the dimensions of parent-child attachment.The relationship between the parent-child attachment with DSH was analyzed using Pearson Chi-square and logistic regression. Results A total of 3 546 (24.9%) students reported that they had harmed themselves deliberately in the past 12 months.The act of DSH behaviors occurring 1~2 and ≥3 times accounted for 8.5% and 16.4% of all respondents,respectively.The act of DSH was reported significantly higher among boys than girls.It suggested that the incidence of the DSH behaviors among students with poor parent-child attachment (trust,communication,alienation with parents) was significantly higher than students with better parent-child attachment.Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that parent-child attachment dimensions (except for father-child trust) were independent risk factors for DSH behaviors. Conclusions These results indicate that different parent-child attachment dimensions are related to the presence or absence of DSH behaviors.Improvement of parent-child attachment could help preventing DSH behaviors among middle school students.
关键词
自伤行为 /
中学生 /
亲子依恋
Key words
deliberate self-harm behaviors /
middle school student /
parent-child attachment
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基金
国家自然科学基金(81202223、81102146);安徽医科大学校科研基金追加项目(2012xkj002zj)
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