目的 分析四川省民族地区5岁以下儿童死因分布状况及接受医疗保健情况,为制定预防措施以及政府部门决策提供依据。方法 对2012年四川省民族地区上报的1 437例5岁以下儿童死亡报告卡进行统计分析。结果 2012年四川省民族地区5岁以下儿童死亡中以婴儿死亡为主(占82.60%);5岁以下儿童死亡前5位死因分别为肺炎、早产和低出生体重、出生窒息、腹泻、其他呼吸系统疾病;感染性疾病死因和可避免死因分别占43.96%、66.46%;民族地区死亡儿童的出生地点和死亡地点以家中为主,一半左右的死亡儿童死前未接受治疗。结论 发展民族地区经济及卫生,预防和控制感染性疾病和可避免死因,提高住院分娩率及儿童保健服务质量,可进一步减少民族地区儿童死亡的发生。

Objective To analyze the causes of death distribution of children under 5 years old in minority concentrated region in Sichuan,for implementing development of preventive measures as well as providing the basis for decision-making of government departments. Methods The death information cards of children below 5 years old in minority concentrated region in Sichuan in 2012 were analyzed. Results Most of the children died in minority concentrated region in 2012 were infants.The top 5 causes of children death below 5 were pneumonia,premature and low birth weight,birth asphyxia,diarrhea,other diseases of the respiratory system.The proportions of death of infectious disease and avoidable death causes were 43.96% and 66.46%.These children mainly were born and died at home,nearly half of them did not have medical treatment. Conclusion To develop the economic and health conditions in minority concentrated region,to prevent and control infectious disease and avoidable death causes,to improve delivery rate and the quality of health care of children,child deaths below 5 years old in minority can be further reduced concentrated region.