目的 了解山东省学龄儿童血压偏高现状及相关影响因素,为防治儿童高血压提供依据。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取山东省6 895名7~17岁儿童进行血压和相关指标的测量,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果 男女生收缩压和舒张压平均水平均随年龄增加而上升;总体上男生血压水平高于女生(P<0.001)。采用中国儿童血压参照标准,其血压偏高检出率为23.0%。男生高于女生,城市高于乡村,13~17岁组高于7~12岁组,超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖组高于正常组(P<0.001)。偏相关分析显示,血压与身高、体重、胸围、腰围、皮褶厚度、腰身比、体重指数、心率、肺活量呈正相关(P<0.05),与肺活量体重指数呈负相关(P<0.01),其中体重与血压的相关性最强。与血压正常者相比,血压偏高者身材较高,体形偏胖,肺通气功能偏低。结论 超重肥胖和腹型肥胖是儿童高血压的重要危险因素。

Objective To know the situation and the relevant factors of hypertension of children in Shandong and to provide evidence for preventing child hypertension. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to extract 6 895 students aged 7~17 years to measure the blood pressure and its relative indicators.SPSS 13.0 software was used for data analysis. Results The mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure both increased with ages;the boys was higher than girls (P<0.001).The prevalence rate of child hypertension was 23.0% according to the blood pressure standard of Chinese children,and boys was higher than girls;the cities was higher than rural areas;children aged 13~17 years was higher than those of 7~12 years;children of overweight,obesity and abdominal obesity was higher than normal ones (P<0.001).Partial correlation analysis showed blood pressure was positively correlated with body height,body weight,bust,waist circumference,skinfold thickness,waist to height ratio,body mass index,heart rate and vital capacity (P<0.05),and was negatively correlated with vital capacity weight index (P<0.01).The correlation coefficient between blood pressure and body weight was the largest.Compared to children with normal blood pressure,the children of hypertension were taller and fatter,but with weaker lung functions. Conclusions Overweight,obesity and abdominal obesity are important risk factors of child hypertension.