目的 了解西部农村地区足月低出生体重的影响因素,以便为今后进一步开展干预研究提供科学依据。方法 选择2010年11月-2011年10月在西部5个县15家县级医院和8家乡卫生院分娩的足月低出生体重儿母亲作为病例组,对照组按1∶1成组配对,共收集合格研究对象388对。通过填写调查问卷,了解研究对象的一般情况、孕产期保健情况、孕期并发症以及膳食摄入情况等。结果 与低出生体重有关的影响因素包括:家庭平均月收入<2 000元、母亲文化程度小学及以下、母亲有早产史、不良产史、母亲本身是低出生体重儿、孕前体重不足、孕期产检≤4次、羊水过少、子痫前期、孕期未补充叶酸,饮食中鱼禽肉、蛋类、牛奶、水果、大豆类及坚果摄入不足等。经多因素分析,家庭平均月收入<2 000元和孕期摄入坚果类每周少于1次是足月低出生体重的危险因素。结论 目前我国西部农村地区发生低出生体重的危险因素主要与社会经济状况和孕妇的营养状况有关,应提高基层孕产期保健服务水平,改善妊娠结局。

Objective To understand the influence factors of the term low birth weight in western rural areas,in order to provide scientific basis for the further intervention research. Method The objects of case group were selected from mothers who delivered term low birth weight newborns in 15 county level hospitals and 8 township hospitals in 5 western counties during November 2010 to October 2011.The control group were 1∶1 matched,and the total number of qualified objects were 388 pairs.Through filling in the questionnaire by all of the objects,the general situation,maternal health care,pregnancy complications and dietary intake during pregnancy were identified. Results The risk influencing factors related to low birth weight included:the average family income <2 000 yuan per month,mother's educational degree of primary school and below,the histories of preterm birth or abnormal pregnancy,mother itself is used to be low birth weight,mother with low BMI or underweight,prenatal examination ≤4 times,oligohydramnios,preeclampsia,without folic acid intake during pregnancy,insufficient intake of fish and meat,eggs,milk,fruit,beans and nuts.Through multi-factors analysis,the average family income <2 000 yuan per month and eating nuts less than once a week during pregnancy were risk factors for term low birth weight. Conclusion At present the risk factors of low birth weight in western rural areas is mainly related to socioeconomic status and the nutritional status of pregnant women.It is necessary to enhance the quality of maternal health care services at grassroots level,in order to improve the pregnancy outcome.