目的 了解3~5年级学生社交焦虑情况,并深入研究其与影响因素之间的关系,为学生的心理健康提供科学依据。方法 抽取哈尔滨市3所小学3~5年级学生及其家长共927对作为研究对象。学生完成以下问卷:儿童社交焦虑量表,父母养育方式评价量表,核心自我评价量表,社会支持评定量表;家长完成以下问卷:流调中心用抑郁量表,焦虑自评量表。 结果 本次共调查927名学生的社交焦虑检出率为26.3%,女生的社交焦虑检出率(13.7%)虽然高于男生(12.6%),但差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01,P=0.922)。除父母焦虑和父母偏爱被试无显著性相关外,父母情感温暖理解、学生社会支持和学生核心自我评价呈负相关(r=-0.068、-0.089、-0.196、-0.481),其余因素均与学生社交焦虑呈正相关。核心自我评价量表(CSES)、父过度保护(FF6) 、母情感温暖理解(MF1)、家长抑郁(CES-D)依次进入回归方程,回归系数分别为-0.258、0.137、0.050和0.040。 结论 家长对子女要求苛刻、过度保护或对子女缺乏温暖理解都会成为社交焦虑的危险因素;较高的社会支持和自我评价有助儿童社交能力的发展。
Abstract
Objective To study the social anxiety situation of 3~5 grades students,deeply discuss the relationship between the social anxiety situation and influence factors,provide basic data and science basis for pupils' mental health. Methods Convenience sample method was used in 3 primary schools in Harbin,all 3~5 grades pupils and their parents(927) were sampled.Social Anxiety Scale for Children,Egna Minnenav Bardndosna Uppforstran,Core Self-Evaluations Scale and Social Support Rating Scale were used in the sampled pupils.Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Inventory and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale were used in the sampled parents. Results The incidence of 927 pupils' social anxiety was 26.3% in this investigation,the incidence of girls(13.7%) was higher than that of boys(12.6%),but there was no significant difference(χ2=0.01,P=0.922).Parental emotional warmth and understanding,social support and core self-evaluations had negative correlation with pupils' social anxiety(r=-0.068、-0.089、-0.196、-0.481),other influence factors had passive correlation with pupils' social anxiety,parental anxiety and parental preference had no significant correlations with pupils' social anxiety.Core Self-Evaluations,paternal over-protection,maternal Emotional Warmth and Understanding and paternal depression turn into the regression equation,regression coefficient were respectively -0.258,0.137,0.050 and 0.040. Conclusions Parents over-demand and over-protect their kids and lack of emotional warmth and understanding to the kids are risk factors of pupils' social anxiety occurrence.High social support and core self-evaluation help children develop their social communication skills.
关键词
社交焦虑 /
父母养育方式 /
影响因素
Key words
social anxiety /
parenting style /
influence factors
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【作者简介】 高鹏(1976-),女,黑龙江人,本科学历,中学一级教师,研究方向为心理健康。
【通信作者】 王忆军,E-mail:yijun60@163.com
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