目的 了解哈尔滨市幼儿焦虑状况,并对相关影响因素进行探讨。方法 采用整群抽样的方法随机抽取哈尔滨市的两所幼儿园732名3~6岁幼儿,以Spence学龄前儿童焦虑量表中文版和一般情况调查表对幼儿母亲进行测查。 结果 研究结果显示,在所调查的样本中有焦虑情绪的幼儿占所调查人数的14.1%。焦虑情绪的发生率无性别差异(χ²=0.764,P＞0.05)。3~6岁组焦虑情绪的发生率分别为16.3%、13.8%、12.6%、12.3%,经检验四个年龄组焦虑情绪发生率差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.365,P＞0.05)。各焦虑维度得分存在显著性差异,最高为躯体伤害恐惧,其次为分离焦虑(F=90.377,P＜0.05)。经Logistic回归分析母亲学历、母亲工作压力、幼儿性格特点及父母在对待教育幼儿的问题上观点一致性与幼儿焦虑情绪显著相关。 结论 哈尔滨市幼儿焦虑情绪的检出率较高,幼儿的性格特点及家庭因素等对幼儿焦虑有影响。

Objective To know the status of anxiety for the children in Harbin and discuss the related factors. Methods 732 children aged 3~6 were randomly selected from two kindergartens using the cluster sampling method in Harbin.Mothers were invited to complete the Preschool Anxiety Scale and related risk factors questionnaire. Results The research results showed that the proportion of preschool children who had anxiety in this surveyed sample was 14.1%.The gender difference was not significant in anxiety (χ²=0.764,P>0.05).The anxiety rate of 3~6 groups children was respectively 16.3%,13.8%,12.6% and 12.3%,there was no statistically significant in the anxiety rate among four age groups by the chi-square test (χ²=1.365,P>0.05).There was significant difference among anxiety dimensions scores,the highest was the physical injury fear,followed by separation anxiety (F=90.377,P<0.05).The Logistic regression analysis showed that the education background of the mother,the working pressure,the child's character and the view consistency about the problem of the education of the children were significantly associated with preschoolers' anxiety. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety is higher in the preschool children of Harbin.The children's character and family factors are associated with the children's anxiety.