【目的】 了解甘肃省学龄期儿童自我意识的发展水平及其影响因素,为针对性地开展学龄儿童心理发展指导与教育提供参考依据。 【方法】 分层随机整群抽取甘肃省6市县5 435名在校中小学生,采用儿童自我意识量表(Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale,PHCSS)进行调查分析与评价。 【结果】 甘肃省学龄期儿童自我意识总体水平显著低于全国城市常模(P<0.01);女生行为、智力与学校情况、合群、幸福与满足因子及总分显著高于男生(P<0.01);城市儿童自我意识各因子及总分均高于农村儿童(P<0.01);多因素分析表明,学龄儿童自我意识的主要影响因素有父母文化程度、母亲职业、学习成绩、师生关系、同学关系。 【结论】 儿童自我意识的发展与经济、社会发展水平有关,家庭与学校环境是其重要的影响因素。学龄期儿童的自我意识培养是儿童成长过程中的一项重要发展任务。

【Objective】 To know about the current situation of the self-concept and its influential factors of school-age children in Gansu province. 【Method】 5 435 school students were randomly selected from 6 cities and counties of Gansu province.Then Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) was used and assessed. 【Results】 The whole level of self-concept of the children in Gansu was significantly lower than the level of Chinese norms(P<0.01).Girls got more scores than boys about behavior,intelligence and school,anxiety,happiness and satisfaction as well as total score(P<0.01).The level of children's self-concept in town was markedly higher than the level of the rural children(P<0.01).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the risk factors of self-concept were as follows,the different degree of parents' education,mother's occupation,school record,the teacher-student relation,classmate relation. 【Conclusions】 The level of pupil's self-concept relates with economy and social development,and is influenced by the environment of family and school.It is an important developmental task to promote the level of self-concept in the growing of children.