【目的】 探讨早产低出生体重对6~24月龄儿童智力和运动发育的影响及随年龄而变化的趋势。 【方法】 观察组:早产低出生体重儿86例;正常对照组115例,采用纵向随访方法,在儿童6月、12月、18月和24月龄时,应用Bayley婴幼儿发育量表进行评估,结果用智力发育指数(mental development index,MDI)和运动发育指数(psychomotor development index,PDI)、以及校正年龄后的智力和运动发育指数(MDIJ和PDIJ)表示。 【结果】 早产组在6月、12月、18月及24月龄时MDI及PDI均低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。经校正年龄后,与对照组相比,早产组6月龄MDIJ略高(P=0.017),差异有统计学意义,其余年龄段差异无统计学意义;校正后的PDIJ在多数年龄段仍然落后于对照组,差异有统计学意义。24月龄时早产组MDI、PDI仍＜85者各有9例(10.5%)、10例(11.6%)。 早产组24月龄MDI与父母亲文化水平、MDIJ6、PDIJ6和PDIJ12呈显著相关(r=0.387~0.664,P＜0.05),运动发育与母亲年龄、父亲文化、MDIJ6、PDIJ6、MDIJ12和PDIJ12呈显著相关(r=0.473~0.672,P＜0.05)。 【结论】 早产低出生体重对婴幼儿的智力和运动发育有明显的不利影响,但随年龄的增长智力发育指数与正常儿童的差距缩小。

【Objective】 To explore and observe the effects of preterm low birth weight on mental and motor development of children,and the variation tendency of development from 6 to 24 months. 【Methods】 86 preterm low birth weight children were selected and 115 normal birth weight children served as a control group.Bayley Scales of Infant Development was used to evaluate their neurodevelopment at age 6,12,18 and 24 months.The result was indicated as mental development index (MDI),psychomotor development index (PDI),MDIJ and PDIJ of age-adjusted. 【Results】 There were significant differences in the mean MDI and PDI between preterm low birth weight children and the control group(P<0.05).After preterm group age-adjusted,there was no significant difference of MDIJ except that of 6 months.But the premature had lower PDIJ score than control group in most ages.There were still 9 cases of MDI＜85(10.5%)and 10 cases of PDI＜85(11.6%)at 24 months in preterm group respectively.Correlation analysis showed that there were significant relations between MDI and parental education,MDIJ6,PDIJ6 and PDIJ12 (r=0.387~0.664,P＜0.05),and there were significant relations between PDI and maternal age,paternal education,MDIJ6,PDIJ6、MDIJ12 and PDIJ12 (r=0.473~0.672,P＜0.05). 【Conclusions】 Premature and LBW have adverse impact on children's neurodevelopment,but the condition could improve with growing up from 6 to 24 months.