【目的】 探索学龄前儿童自信发展的常见影响因素,为促进儿童自信人格发展提供依据。 【方法】 整群随机抽取山东省4市城区学龄前儿童464名,进行家庭一般情况、家庭养育环境、儿童气质和自信水平测查与分析。 【结果】 女童自信水平高于男童;自信随年龄增长而增长;气质的趋避性、适应性、持久性、反应强度、反应阈等维度与自信有一定程度的相关;家庭养育环境中的语言/认知、情感温暖、社会适应、活动多样性、环境气氛等儿童自信有一定程度的相关。 【结论】 学龄前儿童自信发展受性别、年龄、气质等内在因素的制约,家庭养育环境是重要的外在影响因素。

【Objective】 To probe into common influence factors of the preschool children's self-confidence develepment. 【Method】 464 pre-school children selected from 4 cities with stratified sampling method, were investigated with the families demographic information, home nurture environment, children's temperament and self-confidence. 【Results】 The girls' self-confidence were higher than the boys. Children's self-confidence level increased accordingly with age growing. There were certain degree of correlation among the self-confidence levels and some temperament factors include approach/withdrawal, adaptability, persistence, intensity of reaction, and threshold of responsiveness. And there were also certain degree of correlation among the self-confidence levels and some home nurture environment scale factors include language/cognition, warm feelings, adaptation, diversities of activities, and atmosphere. 【Conclusion】 Preschool children's self-confidence development are influenced in some degree by home nurture environment as well as gender, age, and temperament.