【目的】 了解非言语型学习障碍(nonverbal learning disabilities,NLD)儿童认知方式与行为特征,探讨影响NLD发病的因素。 【方法】 对符合ICD-10和DSM-III筛查诊断标准31名NLD儿童、24名言语型学习障碍(verbal learning disabilities, VLD)儿童和40名正常儿童,采用镶嵌图形测验(EFT)和棒框测验(RFT)测量认知方式,Achenbach儿童行为量表测量行为问题。数据采用单因素方差分析和多重比较分析。 【结果】 NLD儿童的EFT的不同难度的三部分成绩和总成绩都比正常对照组儿童得分低(P<0.01),而VLD儿童仅总成绩低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。NLD儿童RFT的偏差明显大于正常对照组和VLD儿童(P<0.05),但VLD儿童与正常对照组的差异无统计学意义。NLD男童的社交能力和学校学习情况得分显著低于对照组,VLD男童亦表现出同样的问题;NLD男童各因子的得分明显高于对照组男童,在分裂样、抑郁、强迫性、体诉、社交退缩、多动、攻击性方面也比VLD男童得分高。 【结论】 NLD儿童认知方式以场依存性为主,其行为问题亦比正常儿童和VLD儿童突出。

【Objective】 To investigate cognitive style and behaviour problems in children with nonverbal learning disabilities and to explore the infective factors of nonverbal learning disabilities(NLD). 【Methods】 31 cases of NLD children and 24 cases of verbal learning disabilities(VLD) children who met the ICD-10 and DSM-III criteria and 40 cases of matched children were enrolled. All of them were examined with embedded figures test(EFT), rod-and-frame test(RFT), and Achenbach Child Behavior Check-List(CBCL). The data were analyzed with one way ANOV and multiple comparisons. 【Results】 All parts of EFT scores in NLD children(3.41±1.82,11.38±10.31,3.62±8.07,18.41±17.47) were significant less than matched children(5.03±1.80,27.00±17.56,13.83±14.22,45.84±31.65,P<0.01), otherwise only total scores in VLD children(30.35±28.98) less than matched children(45.84±31.65,P<0.05). RFT showed that NLD children(4.29°±2.41°) tend to make larger errors of absolute angular misalignment than matched children(3.08°±1.23°) and VLD children(3.31°±1.38°,P<0.05), but there was no significant different between VLD and matched children(P>0.05). The severity of behavior problem presented in NLD children were more than VLD children and matched children. 【Conclusions】 Performance on EFT and RFT indicated that NLD children are likely field dependent than VLD and matched children.