【目的】 探讨学龄前儿童自身因素如性别、年龄、气质、自信和外在家庭环境因素对其行为问题的影响,为开展促进儿童良好行为习惯的养成和预防儿童行为问题提供依据。 【方法】 整群随机抽取山东省4市城区3~6岁儿童464名,对儿童家庭基本情况、气质、自信水平,家庭养育环境量、行为问题进行调查和测评。 【结果】 儿童思维问题和违纪问题男童高于女童。儿童退缩、攻击行为随年龄增长而减少。不同家庭类型的儿童行为问题无差异。父母职业为行政事业人员的儿童行为问题明显低于其他人员的儿童。平易型儿童行为问题低于困难型、发动缓慢型儿童。家庭的社会适应、活动多样性、环境气氛等因素与儿童的退缩、社交问题、注意问题、攻击行为呈明显负相关;忽视干涉因素与焦虑抑郁、社交问题、注意问题、攻击行为呈明显正相关性;自我效能感、自我表现与儿童退缩行为仅有微弱相关性。 【结论】 学龄前期儿童行为问题的发生受个体内在生物因素、心理因素和外在家庭养育环境因素的综合影响。

【Objective】 To probe into the preschoolers behavior problems influence factors in order to provide a basis for promoting children's behavior development. 【Methods】 464 preschoolers were investigated with self-designed family demographic information questionnaire, preschool temperament scale, 3~6 years old children family nurture environment scale, the teacher's questionnaire on children's self-confidence and children's behavior checklist. 【Results】 The boys had higher score than the girl about thinking problem and disciplinary problems. Children's retreat, aggression and external problem decreased with age. Children whose parent's occupation were executive staff had lower behavior score than others. Easy type of temperament children had lower behavior score than those difficulty type and slow-to-warm-up type. The family social adaptive, diverse activities and atmosphere factors were obviously correlated with the children's retreat, social, attention and aggression problems. The family ignorance/interference factor was correlated with anxiety depression, social, attention, aggression problems. Children's self-efficacy, self-expression scores had weak correlations with children's retreat behavior problems. 【Conclusion】 Children's behavior problems are influenced by individual internal biological factors such as gender, age, and psychological factor such as temperament, and external home nurture environment factors.