【目的】 了解茌平县学龄前儿童气质特点及其影响因素。 【方法】 采用整群随机抽样方法,抽取茌平县城镇和农村4所幼儿园共1 000名儿童,应用《3～7岁儿童气质测查问卷》和自编一般情况问卷调查。分析茌平县学龄前儿童气质特点及其影响因素。 【结果】 在气质维度方面,该市儿童和常模组在9个维度上均有差异;男童和女童在活动水平、反应强度、持久性和注意分散四个维度上存在差异;不同年龄组儿童除在活动水平和趋避性上无差异外,其他七个维度均存在差异。在气质类型上,该市儿童和常模组、不同年龄组儿童在五个气质类型间的分布不同;而男童和女童在气质类型的分布上无差异。父亲职业、母亲受教育程度、家庭类型、教育方法、儿童和父母关系、入托时间等均是影响儿童气质的因素。 【结论】 茌平县学龄前儿童各气质维度和气质类型在性别和年龄间具有不同程度的差异;儿童气质受家庭环境的影响较大。

【Objective】 To investigate the temperament type and influencing factors of preschoolers of Chiping. 【Methods】 By cluster sampling method, 1 000 children from 4 kindergartens in towns and countries of Chiping were selected to fill the "Questionnaire of Temperamental Testing for 3～7 Years Old Children" and the self-made questionnaire, and to investigate the temperament type and influencing factors of preschoolers of Chiping by this way . 【Results】 All the temperament dimensions of the preschoolers in the city were different from the norm, boys and girls had differences in activity level, response intensity, persistence and dividing attention, except for activity level and taxis, the preschoolers of various ages were different in the other seven temperament dimensions. The preschoolers in the city and the norm children had different temperament types, and so the preschoolers of various ages. But boys and girls had same temperament types. The temperament types were influenced by fathers' profession, the educational level of mothers, family structure, education method, the relationship between parents and children, the age to be permitted to kindergarden. 【Conclusions】 Each dimension and type of preschool children of Chiping has differences for different degrees on gender and age;the environment should be positively changed in order to mold good temperament type of children.