目的 对2～6岁儿童进行语音评估,探讨语音的发展现状及其影响因素。方法 纳入2021年7月—2022年2月于山东省千佛山医院门诊正常体检的2～6岁儿童198名,每隔0.5岁共8个年龄组,采用《2～6岁儿童语言发育评估量表》对入组儿童进行语音评估,并分析影响因素。结果 1)声母m、b、t、j为1级;声母x、p、n、h、q、g、d为2级;声k、f、l、ch、sh、zh、c、z、r为3级;声母s为4级。1～3级均达标,4级不达标。韵母均达标。按年龄段来看,声母在2～4岁部分不达标,在4～6岁均达标;韵母在2.5～5.5岁达标。2)挑食、进食固体食物年龄晚、使用方言交流及屏幕时间长与声母错误率高相关(P<0.05);挑食、半流质饮食、主要代养人学历为小学、使用方言交流及工作日屏幕时间长与韵母错误率高相关(P<0.05)。结论 年龄与语音发展相关性最显著,语音在4岁时全部掌握。饮食行为、家庭语言环境、主要代养人、屏幕时间与相关儿童语音发育密切相关。
Abstract
Objective To assess the phonological development of children aged 2 to 6 years, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods From July 2021 to February 2022, 198 children aged 2 to 6 years who took regular physical examination in Shandong Province Qianfosha Hospital were included in this study, and were divided into 8 groups by age with 0.5 years intervals. Language Development Assessment Scale for Children aged 2 - 6 Years was used to assess the pronunciation of the participants, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results 1) The initials 'm', 'b', 't' and 'j' were level 1; the initials 'x', 'p', 'n', 'h', 'q', 'g' and 'd' were level 2; the initials 'k', ' f', 'l', 'ch', 'sh', 'zh', 'c', 'z' and 'r' were level 3; and the initials 's' was level 4. Levels 1 to 3 were all met, while level 4 was not. The finals were all up to standard. According to the age group, the initials were partially not up to the standard in children aged 2 - 4 years old, and were up to the standardin children aged 4 to 6 years, the finals reached to the standardin children aged 2.5 to 5.5 years. 2) Picky eating, late age of solid food intake, use of dialect for communication and long screen time were associated with higher rate of initials errors(P＜0.05). Picky eating, semi-liquid diet, primary school education, use of dialect for communication and long screen time on work day were associated with higher rate of finals error(P＜0.05). Conclusions There is a significant correlation between age and Chinese phonetics development. Phonics is learned by the age of 4. Dietary behavior, family language environment, main caregiver and screen time are related to phonetics development of children.
关键词
儿童 /
语言 /
语音 /
声母 /
韵母 /
家庭语言环境
Key words
children /
language /
Chinese phonetics /
initials /
finals /
family language environment
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
[1] Nadeau SE. Language and aphasias[J].Continuum (Minneap Minn), 2021,27(6):1549-1561.
[2] Feldman HM.How young children learn language and speech[J].Pediatr Rev, 2019,40(8):398-411.
[3] Hebebrand J,Schulte-Korne G.Language development, speech and language disorders[J].Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother,2009,37(4):347-349.
[4] 黎海芪. 实用儿童保健学[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 2016.
Li HQ.The principle and practice of pediatric primary care[M].Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2016
[5] Canfield CF, Edelson LR, Saudino KJ. Genetic and environmental links between natural language use and cognitive ability in toddlers[J].Child Dev,2017,88(2):573-583.
[6] Sriganesh R, Joseph, RP. Genetics of language and its implications on language interventions[J]. J Genet, 2018,97(5):1485-1491.
[7] 高敏, 张金朋. 试论元音与辅音、元音与韵母、辅音与声母的区别[J]. 科学导报, 2015(20):283-284.
Gao M, Zhang JP. On the differences between vowels and consonants, vowels and vowels, consonants and initials[J].Sci Re,2015(20):283-284.
[8] 李嵬,祝华,Dodd B,等.说普通话儿童的语音习得[J].心理学报,2000,32(2):170-176.
LiW,Zhu H,Dodd B,et al.Phonological acquisition of Putonghua-speaking children[J]. Psychol Sin,2000,32(2):170-176.
[9] 徐宝良.有关儿童汉语语音意识发展的研究及其启示[J].学前教育研究,2005,19(12):19-20.
Xu BL.Research on the development of Chinese phonological awareness in children and its implications[J].Stu Chi Edu,2005,19(12):19-20.
[10] Hua Z.Phonological development in specific contexts studies of Chinese-speaking children[M]. Great Britain:the Cromwell Press Ltd, 2002.
[11] Kay-Raining BE, Genesee F,Verhoeven L. Bilingualism in children with developmental disorders:A narrative review[J]. J Commun Disord, 2016,63:1-14.
[12] 林媛媛,章依文,刘雪曼,等.家庭方言环境对儿童语言发育的影响[J].中国儿童保健杂志, 2020,28(8):849-853.
Lin YY, Zhang YW, Liu YM, et al.Influence of domestic dialect on language development of children[J].Chin J Child Health Care,2020,28(8):849-853.
[13] Sheridan SM, Knoche LL, Kupzyk KA, et al. A randomized trial examining the effects of parent engagement on early language and literacy:The Getting Ready intervention[J].J Sch Psychol,2011,49(3):361-383.
[14] van den Heuvel M, Ma J, Borkhoff CM, et al. Mobile media device use is associated with expressive language delay in 18-month-old children[J]. J Dev Behav Pediatr, 2019,40(2):99-104.
[15] 徐明玉,任芳,沈理笑,等. 屏幕暴露对0～3岁婴幼儿语言发育的影响[J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2019,37(2):97-101.
Xu MY, Ren F, Shen LX, et al. Influence of the screen exposure on language development in children under 3 years old in Shanghai[J]. J Clin Pediatr,2019,37(2):97-101.
基金
国家卫生健康委医药卫生科技发展研究中心课题(WA2020HK24);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021MH296)
PDF(663 KB)
