目的 分析陕西贫困地区某县6～24月龄婴幼儿辅食及营养素添加状况,为制定合理的膳食方案提供科学依据,为促进本地区婴幼儿营养健康水平提供参考依据。方法 2017年7-8月采用整群分层随机抽样方法对陕西贫困地区某县920名6～24月龄婴幼儿辅食及营养素添加现状进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 陕西贫困地区某县6～24月龄婴幼儿辅食添加种类较少,主要是米面类(82.0%)和蛋类(54.0%),营养素以维生素A(8.8%)、维生素D(10.0%)摄入少,搭配不合理,在辅食添加时间上存在过早和过晚两种极端。断乳后婴幼儿平均每人每日三大营养素比不符合中国营养学会制定膳食参考摄入量(DRIS)标准,随月龄增加,三大营养素摄入量逐渐增加,占膳食营养素推荐摄入量(RNI)百分比呈上升趋势。断乳后12～18月龄婴幼儿钙、铁、锌、钠摄入分别为274.5、3.3、2.4、198.6 mg,18月龄以上分别为298.3、3.8、2.4、175.5 mg,两组婴幼儿维生素A、D、B1、B2、C、E实际摄入量均低于DRIS标准。结论 陕西贫困地区某县6～24月龄婴幼儿辅食及营养素添加不均衡,添加过早和过晚均存在;三大营养素摄入量比不符合中国营养学会制定DRIS标准;矿物质及维生素实际摄入量均低于DRIS标准;普及贫困地区婴幼儿辅食及营养素添加的相关知识很有必要。
Abstract
Objective To analyze supplementary food and nutrient addition in infants and toddlers aged 6 to 24 months in a poverty county in Shaanxi,so as to provide reference for promoting the nutritional health of infants and toddlers in the region. Methods A cluster stratified random sampling method was used to survey the status quo of supplementary food and nutrient additions in 920 infants and toddlers aged 6 to 24 months in a poverty county in Shaanxi from July to August in 2017,and the data were analyzed. Results Supplementary foods for infants and toddlers were small in variety,mainly in cereals(82.0%) and eggs(54.0%).Inadequate intake of calcium calcium,vitamins A(8.8%) and vitamins D(10.0%) was unreasonable.Supplementary foods were added too early or too late.The average intake ratio of three major nutrients per person per day for infants and toddlers did not meet the standards set by the Chinese Nutrition Society for dietary reference intake (DRIs).With the increasing of age,the percentage of carbohydrate RNI gradually increased,and the ratio of protein to fat intake decreased.The intake of calcium iron,zinc and sodium in infants aged 12 to 18 months after weaning was 274.5 mg,3.3 mg,2.4 mg and 198.6 mg,respectively,while it was 298.3 mg,3.8 mg,2.4 mg and 175.5 mg in toddlers over 18 months.The actual intake of vitamin A,D,B1,B2,C and E in infants and toddlers was lower than the DRIS standard. Conclusions The supplemental foods and nutrients in infants and toddlers aged 6 to 24 months in a poverty county in Shaanxi Province are not balanced,and early or late additions exist.The three major nutrient intake ratios do not meet the DRIS standards set by the China Nutrition Society.The actual intake of minerals and vitamins is lower than the DRIS standard.Therefore,it is necessary to spread the knowledge on infant food supplement and nutrient addition in poor areas
关键词
辅食及营养素添加 /
参考摄入量 /
婴幼儿
Key words
supplementary food and nutrient addition /
reference intake /
infants and toddlers
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基金
陕西省教育厅专项科学研究计划(18JK1122)
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