目的 了解九市7岁以下儿童患龋现状及患病率30年变化趋势,分析龋病与体格生长的关系。方法 以“2015年中国九市儿童体格发育调查”中乳牙已萌出的6月~7岁儿童为研究对象,龋齿和体格生长情况通过横断面调查获得。应用独立样本t检验比较有无龋病的儿童体格指标差异。利用1985、1995年调查数据分析患龋率的长期变化。结果 1)患龋率随年龄增长而增加,从6~12月组的0.2%至1岁组的0.9%,6~7岁组增至45.7%;2)郊区儿童患龋率高于城区,北部和南部地区高于中部地区;3)3岁以内有无龋病两组儿童的身长、体重、体质量指数(BMI)差别无统计学意义(P>0.05),而3岁以上患龋组体格指标均低于无龋组;4)1985-2015年三十年间,城郊患龋率均呈下降趋势,如城区6~7岁组从1985年的68.1%降至2015年的43.2%。结论 7岁以下儿童患龋率随年龄增长而增加,存在明显城郊和地区差异。龋病对体格生长的影响在3岁以后较明显。九市儿童患龋率三十年间呈明显下降趋势。

Objective To describe the prevalence of dental caries of children under 7 years old and its secular trend,and to analyze the relationship between dental caries and physical growth. Methods Subjects were from the national survey on physical growth and development of children under 7 years old in nine cities in 2015 (NSPGDC),whose primary teeth had been erupted.Dental caries and growth measurements were obtained in the field.The independent t-test was used to compare the difference of physical growth between children with and without dental caries.Moreover,the data of dental caries in NSPGDC in 1985 and 1995 were used to analyze its secular trend. Results 1) The prevalence of dental caries increased with chronological age,which was from 0.2% at 6~12 months group to 0.9% at 1 year group,to 45.7% at 6~7 years old group.2) The prevalence of dental caries in suburban children was higher than that in urban children and it was also higher in children from northern and southern region than that in central region.3) The differences of weight,length and body mass index between two groups with or without dental caries were not statistically significant for children under 3 years old (P>0.05),while,the three indicators in children aged 3~7 years old were lower in children with dental caries.4) From 1985 to 2015,the prevalence of dental caries became lower.Taking the 6~7 years old group in urban areas as an example,it was 68.1% in 1985 and 43.2% in 2015. Conclusions The prevalence of dental caries become higher and higher with chronological age and there is urban-suburban and regional difference.The relationship between dental caries and physical growth are more significant in children over 3 years old.And the prevalence of clental carries in nine cities is in decline.