目的 通过对3~6岁儿童进行视力筛查、视力筛查异常儿童随访,分析2014年浦口区学龄前儿童视力筛查异常率及其原因、视觉损伤的发生状况。方法 视力筛查包括使用Suresight 筛查仪检查屈光异常、角膜映光法及遮盖试验检查眼位异常,视力筛查异常儿童经散瞳验光等检查确诊弱视、斜视等视觉损伤的眼病。结果 2014年学龄前儿童视力筛查覆盖率93.13%,视力筛查异常率7.39%,女童视力筛查异常率明显高于男童,屈光不正和屈光参差占视力筛查异常儿童88.85%;斜视发病率为0.36%,斜视发病率与性别无明显关系,斜视中外斜视发病率明显高于内斜;345例视力筛查异常儿童进一步检查确诊弱视和斜视等视觉损伤168人,视力筛查异常儿童的确诊率48.69%,视觉损伤的检出率为3.60%。结论 视力筛查异常的主要原因是屈光不正和屈光参差,其次是斜视,开展视力筛查是早期发现视觉损伤的有效方法。

Objective To measure the vision screening to 3~6 years old children,and the follow-up to the abnormal children of vision screening,analyse preschool children's abnormal rate and the causes of abnormal vision screening results in Pukou district in the year of 2014,and carrie out the status of preschool children's visual impairment. Methods The vision screening included the using of Suresight screening instrument to check up the refractive errors and anisometropia,and the using the methods of the corneal reflection and the covered tests for dominant eye strabismus.The children with abnormal vision screening results would be in visit for further examination specialized amblyopia,strabismus and other eye diseases. Results The vision screening coverage rate of preschool children was 93.13% in 2014,the vision screening abnormal rate was 7.39%.The refractive errors and anisometropia accounted for 88.85% of total abnormal children by vision screening.Strabismus incidence was 0.36%,the incidence of exotropia was significantly higher than esotropia.Strabismus incidence and vision screening abnormal rate had no significant relation with gender.There were 345 children with vision screening abnormal to the Maternal and Child Health Care Institute for further examination,168 cases diagnosed with amblyopia and strabismus and other eye diseases,the diagnosis rate was 48.69%,the incidence of visual impairment was 3.60%. Conclusion The main causes of abnormal children by vision screening are the refractive errors and anisometropia,followed by strabismus,and the vision screening is the early method for detecting visual impairment effectively.