目的 探讨影响早产儿经口喂养表现的相关因素,为改善其表现提供依据。方法 选取103例早产儿,采用新生儿医学指数和新生儿口腔运动评定量表等研究工具测评,并观察计算早产儿经口喂养的喂养效率、喂养成效、摄入奶量比、经口喂养进程、每日增长体重、恢复出生体重时间、辅助通气时间和住院时间等。结果 103例早产儿的经口喂养效率为(4.599±2.555)ml/min,喂养成效为(63.209±30.086)%,摄入奶量比为(67.808±29.692)%。Logistic回归分析的结果显示:出生胎龄(OR=5.251,P=0.017)、吸吮正常型态(OR=3.516,P=0.002)、吸吮失调型态(OR=0.308,P=0.025)和喂养准备(OR=0.091,P=0.049)是早产儿经口喂养表现的重要影响因素。结论 出生胎龄小、口腔运动功能不佳和没有喂养准备行为的早产儿,是经口喂养表现较差的危险因素。应通过评估及时进行干预,从而改善早产儿经口喂养表现。

Objective To evaluate the influencing factors of oral feeding performance in premature infants. Methods Totally 103 premature infants with oral feeding problems hospitalized in the department of newborn infants were into the experiment group.The postmenstrual age (PMA) and the total intake volume were recorded.Then,Neonatal Medical Index (NMI) and Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale (NOMAS) were applied to assess oral feeding performance in premature infants.Moreover,feeding efficiency,feeding proficiency,oral intake of milk than feeding,the progress and performance of oral feeding,the daily increase in weight,the time of body weight regain,the time of assisted ventilation and length of hospital stay were calculated. Results The means of efficiency,proficiency,and consumed at initiation of oral feeding were (4.599±2.555)ml/min,(63.209±30.086)%,(67.808±29.692)%,respectively.A Logistic regression analysis applied to determine factors affecting feeding performance indicated that birth gestational age(OR=5.251,P=0.017),oral motor skills in normal and disorganized categories(OR=3.516,P=0.002)(OR=0.308,P=0.025),and feeding readiness behaviors(OR=0.091,P=0.049)had statistically significant impacts on feeding performance. Conclusions The premature infants with small gestational age at birth,bad oral motor skills,and no feeding readiness behaviors demonstrated poor oral feeding performance.Nurses should take timely risk assessment and interventions to effectively improve their oral feeding performance.