目的 探讨早产低出生体重对幼儿注意发展的影响以及正常出生体重儿童注意发展的特点,以便及早制定实施有效的干预策略。方法 本研究的对象为16.5～31月龄早产低出生体重儿32名和足月正常出生体重(normal birth weight,NBW)儿童53名。采用录像回放法评估儿童的注意时间,包括专注注意和偶然注意的时间,并给予注意等级评定,工具采用“电子琴、厨房玩具”两组玩具,每组自由玩耍480 s,全程摄像。结果 1)正常幼儿注意时间:NBW幼儿在自由玩耍“玩具1、玩具2”各480 s时,总的专注注意短于偶然注意时间(t=2.37,P＜0.01)。男、女童之间的注意时间、注意等级评估差异无统计学意义。2)低出生体重儿组注意时间:与NBW幼儿相比早产低出生体重幼儿对玩具2的偶然注意时间较长,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.31,P＜0.05)。按注意等级评估,早产组和对照组差异无统计学意义。结论 正常出生体重幼儿专注注意时间短于偶然注意时间; 早产低出生体重组幼儿对操作性强的玩具偶然注意时间短于正常组幼儿。
Abstract
Objective To explore the attention development of preterm low birth weight children and the characteristics of attention of normal birth weight children in toddler's age. Methods The objects of this study were 16.5~31 months preterm low birth weight children (n=32)and normal birth weight (NBW) children (n=53).The videotaped was used to assess attention:a children electronic organ and a combined kitchen toy were given successively to the infants playing for 480 seconds respectively.The period of infant free play was recorded so that it could be scored for focused and casual attention by observers to analyse the attention time. Results 1)Attention time of NBW infants:The total focused attention time was shorter than casual attention time(t=2.37,P＜0.01).There was no significant difference between male and female infants.2)Attention time of low birth weight infants:The attention time had no significant difference between the two groups,except the casual attention time of toy 2(t=-2.31,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups at the levels of attention during both play sessions. Conclusions The focused attention time is shorter than casual attention time at NBW toddlers.The casual attention time of preterm low birth weight toddlers is shorter than NBW toddlers on the strong operational toys.
关键词
早产儿 /
低出生体重 /
注意
Key words
preterm infants /
low birth weight /
attention
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