随着儿童健康水平的不断提高, 对儿童健康的定义也发生了显著的变化:健康不仅仅是没有疾病, 更是要求促进儿童发育潜能的充分发展。而越来越多的证据也表明, 忽视儿童早期发展将会对个体、家庭、社会乃至国家发展带来重要的影响。国外的研究表明, 儿童早期发展(early child development, ECD)项目可以使得个体在体格、社会-情绪以及认知-语言各个领域具有更加显著的优势, 从而对整个国家的人口素质产生重要影响。我国目前儿童早期发展工作还是处于初级阶段, 迫切需要社会各个领域对此高度重视, 而儿童保健工作者在其中具有义不容辞的责任。
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